![optical flares after effect cc barr optical flares after effect cc barr](https://aeriver.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Flare-Glitch-Logo-22540853.jpg)
It is often complicated by co-existing or superimposed uveitis. Clinically, endotheliitis is characterized by corneal edema, the presence of KP, and moderate anterior chamber inflammation, but occasionally may include limbal injection and neovascularization.
![optical flares after effect cc barr optical flares after effect cc barr](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/k0ELJh8POuk/maxresdefault.jpg)
The most common symptoms reported by patients with endotheliitis include eye pain, photophobia, and visual disturbances. These recent discoveries have shaped much of our current protocols and guidelines regarding diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Genomic analysis of aqueous humor using immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction has confirmed viral causes including herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). These findings were followed by reported cases of patients unresponsive to treatment with corticosteroids, who later progressed to dendritic keratitis. In 1982, Khodadoust and Attarzadeh presented two cases of endotheliitis secondary to autoimmune corneal graft rejection that improved with corticosteroid administration. As early as 1923, Lundsgaard noted an association of corneal edema in patients with mumps. These terms became incorporated as sub-classifications under the all-encompassing term endotheliitis.Įarly case reports of endotheliitis revealed a diversity of etiologies. Other ophthalmologists of the time used separate, distinct terms to describe similar presentations including parenchymatous, sectoral, and deep keratitis. In the seventh edition of his ophthalmology textbook, Fuchs himself changed course, describing disc-shaped lesions appearing in the stroma as disciform keratitis. One of the first recorded instances of the disease was described by Ernst Fuchs, who named the disease abscessus siccus corneae in 1870. Nomenclature relative to this condition has undergone several revisions throughout history. The classic presentation of endotheliitis consists of corneal edema accompanied by keratic precipitates (KP). This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. In this review, the authors discuss many causes of corneal edema due to endothelial dysfunction that may not be solely inflammatory in origin with the aim of aiding clinicians in determining a proper differential diagnosis for presumed corneal endotheliitis. In this paper, we aim to review the history of endotheliitis, present various etiologies, and discuss current diagnostic criteria and treatment modalities. Endotheliitis, defined as inflammation of the corneal endothelium, can disrupt the normal function of these cells causing edema and subsequent visual changes. This process opposes osmotic water movement into the cornea and maintains corneal transparency. The endothelium serves to keep the corneal stroma in a relatively dehydrated state by pumping fluid from the hypo-osmotic stroma to the relatively hyper-osmotic aqueous humor in the anterior chamber. By the eighth week of gestation, these cells thin to a single layer. This tissue is embryologically derived from neural crest cells which migrate from the neural plate to the optic disc around 40 days of gestation.
![optical flares after effect cc barr optical flares after effect cc barr](https://www.videocopilot.net/assets/public/images/vc_cool/products/opticalflares/key_features/03.jpg)
The corneal endothelium, a monocellular layer lining the posterior cornea, plays an important role in regulating corneal hydration and clarity.